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Rule 19.2
Relief Options for Unplayable Ball in General Area or on Putting Green
A player may take unplayable ball relief using one of the three options in
Rule 19.2a, b or c, in each case adding one penalty stroke.
The player may take stroke-and-distance relief under Rule 19.2a even if the original ball has not been found and identified.
But to take back-on-the-line relief under Rule 19.2b or lateral relief under Rule 19.2c, the player must know the spot of the original ball.
19.2a
Stroke-and-Distance Relief
The player may play the original ball or another ball from where the previous stroke was made (see Rule 14.6).
19.2b
Back-on-the-Line Relief
The player may drop the original ball or another ball (see Rule 14.3) behind the spot of the original ball, keeping the spot of the original ball between the hole and the spot where the ball is dropped (with no limit as to how far back the ball may be dropped). The spot on the line where the ball first touches the ground when dropped creates a relief area that is one club-length in any direction from that point, but with these limits:
Limits on Location of Relief Area:
Must not be nearer the hole than the spot of the original ball, and
May be in any area of the course, but
Must be in the same area of the course that the ball first touched when dropped.
19.2c
Lateral Relief
The player may drop the original ball or another ball in this lateral relief area (see Rule 14.3):
Reference Point: The spot of the original ball. But when the ball lies above the ground, such as in a tree, the reference point is the spot directly below the ball on the ground.
Size of Relief Area Measured from Reference Point: Two club-lengths, but with these limits:
Limits on Location of Relief Area:
Must not be nearer the hole than the reference point, and
May be in any area of the course, but
If more than one area of the course is located within two club-lengths of the reference point, the ball must come to rest in the relief area in the same area of the course that the ball first touched when dropped in the relief area.
Source: GolfRules Questions
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